Imashini ya Ultraviolet irashobora gukurura cyane no guhitamo kwinjiza imirasire ya - imishwarara ya ultraviolet, kandi igakoresha imbaraga zihindura imbaraga kugirango irekure ingufu zashizwemo nkingufu zubushyuhe cyangwa imishwarara mito -, bityo wirinde kwangiza uruhu no kwirinda kwangirika kwa polymer. Gukuramo ingufu za ultraviolet bitera umunezero hanyuma kwangirika kwa fotofiziki na Photochemiki. Igabanijwemo imiterere, zirimo cyane cyane benzofenone, salicylates, benzotriazoles, ibivanze byasimbuwe, triazine, nibindi. Byakoreshejwe cyane mubikorwa bya plastiki ni benzofenone na benzotriazoles. Imashini ya Benzophenone UV kuri ubu ni ubwoko bukoreshwa cyane bwa UV. Bikuramo hafi ya UV yose. Uburyo bwo gufotora ni hydroxyl hydrogène kumpeta ya benzene hamwe nitsinda rya karubone ryegeranye na molekile. Imiyoboro ya hydrogène idasanzwe iba hagati ya ogisijeni, ikora impeta ya chelation. Iyo ingufu za ultraviolet zimaze kwinjizwa, molekile zinyeganyega zumuriro, imigozi ya hydrogène irasenywa, impeta ya chelation irakinguka, bityo ihindura urumuri rwangiza ultraviolet rudafite ingaruka Ingufu zubushyuhe zangiza zirekurwa. Mubikoresho bya benzophenone ultraviolet, hagomba kubaho hydroxyl mumwanya wa ortho, bitabaye ibyo ntishobora gukoreshwa nka stabilisateur yumucyo kuri polymer. Ubwoko busanzwe bwerekana ubwoko bwubwoko bwa UV burimo UV-53UV-9 nibindi. UV-531 ya molekulari yububiko hamwe na salicylate yumubiri ya UV ni ubwoko bwambere bwimashini zikoreshwa UV.
1. Imashini ya Benzophenone UV niyo ikoreshwa cyane mubwoko bwa UV. Ubu bwoko bwa ultraviolet imashini ifite ingaruka zo kwinjiza buhoro kuri uV - A, uV - B, na uV - C. Itsinda rya ketone hamwe nitsinda rya hydroxyl muri molekile birashobora kubyara hydrogène y'imbere kugirango ikore impeta ya chelate. Nyuma yo gukuramo ingufu za DUV yumucyo, ihura nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa molekile, isenya imigozi ya hydrogène yimbere, ikingura impeta ya chelate. Ihindura ingufu z'umucyo ultraviolet mumashanyarazi yumuriro ikarekura. Byongeye kandi, itsinda rya karubone muri molekile rizakirwa ningufu za ultraviolet zinjijwe. Ibyishimo bitanga tautomerism kandi bitanga imiterere ya enol. Ibi kandi bitwara igice cyingufu. Muri ubu bwoko bwa UV ikurura, imbaraga za hydrogène ihuza muri molekile ifitanye isano ningaruka zayo zo gufotora. Gukomera kwa ogisijeni, niko imbaraga zisabwa kugira ngo zisenye, n’ingufu za UV zikoreshwa mu kwinjiza, niko ingaruka nziza; Ibinyuranye. Mu buryo nk'ubwo. Ingaruka ihamye nayo ifitanye isano n'uburebure bwurunigi rwa alkoxy kumpeta ya benzene. Niba ari birebire kandi bifite aho bihurira na polymer, ingaruka zihamye zizaba nziza. Muri benzophenone - ishingiye kuri UV, hagomba kubaho itsinda rya hydroxyl kumwanya wa ortho yumurwi wa karubone, bitabaye ibyo umugozi wa hydrogène wimbere ntushobora gushingwa kandi ntushobora gukoreshwa nkuwinjiza UV. Imashini ya UV hamwe na hydroxyl ya ortho irashobora gukuramo imirasire ya ultraviolet 290 ~ 380 ~ m, hafi yumucyo ugaragara, ntamabara, kandi bihuza neza na polymers. Niba hari amatsinda abiri ya hydroxyl kumwanya wa ortho yumurwi wa karubone, irashobora gukuramo urumuri ultraviolet ya 300 kugeza 400fzm kandi ikanakuramo igice cyumucyo ugaragara. Bitewe no kwinjiza urumuri rugaragara, urumuri rwuzuzanya ntiruringaniza, bigatuma ibintu byongewe hamwe niyi ultraviolet yinjiza bigaragara nkumuhondo. Hamwe na polymike ndende ya polymers nayo ifite guhuza nabi, kubikoresha rero ni bike. Nubwo benzophenone idafite o - amatsinda ya hydroxyl nayo ifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura imirasire ya ultraviolet, izatera kwangirika kwayo iyo ihuye numucyo, ntabwo rero ikwiriye gukoreshwa nkumuti wa ultraviolet.
2. Salicylate UV ikurura niyo ikoreshwa kera. Salicylate ifite kandi imigozi ya hydrogène y'imbere muri molekile. Ubushobozi bwubu bwoko bwikurura ultraviolet bwo gukurura imirasire ya ultraviolet ni buke cyane mugitangiriro, kandi intera yo kwinjiza ni nto cyane (munsi ya 340vm). Ariko, nyuma yo kuraswa nimirasire ya ultraviolet mugihe runaka, iyinjira ryayo ryiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza ryinjiye. Ibi biterwa na Irrasiyoyasi ya ultraviolet, iringaniza rya molekuline ibaho, igakora imiterere ya benzophenone ifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kwinjiza ultraviolet, bityo igashimangira ingaruka zayo zo kwinjiza ultraviolet. Kubwibyo, abantu babyita intangarugero ultraviolet. Bishydroxybenzophenone n'ibiyikomokaho byakozwe nyuma yo guhinduranya molekuline birashobora gukurura igice cyumucyo ugaragara kandi kigaragara nkumuhondo, bigatuma ibintu byongewemo niyi mashini ya ultraviolet ihinduka umuhondo.
3. Uburyo bwibikorwa bya benzotriazole UV ikurura bisa nubwa benzofenone. Benzotriazoles ifite intera nini yo kwinjiza imirasire ya ultraviolet kandi irashobora gukurura urumuri hamwe nuburebure bwa 300 ~ 400 ~ m. Ntabwo byoroshye kwinjiza urumuri rugaragara hejuru ya 400 ~ m, bityo ibicuruzwa ntibizahinduka ibara. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwibikorwa byasimbuwe na acrylonitrile na triazine ultraviolet bifata ko ari cis - trans isomerisation, ihindura ingufu zoroheje cyangwa irekura ingufu zitagira ingaruka. Acrylonitrile - insimburangingo ya ultraviolet ishobora gukuramo urumuri rwa ultraviolet ya 290 kugeza kuri 320 Fm, kandi ntirukureho urumuri rugaragara, kandi ntiruzatera ikintu cyakoreshejwe guhinduka ibara. Ubwoko butatu - ubwoko bwa ultraviolet bushobora gukurura urumuri rwa ultraviolet ya 300 ~ 400 ~ m. Imashini ya Ultraviolet irashobora gukuramo chromofores zifasha (nka - NH, - OH, - SOH, - cOOH, nibindi) hamwe nitsinda rya chromofora (nka C: N, N: N, N: O, C) hamwe nuburebure buri munsi ya 400 ~ m. : O n'ibindi). Byose bihujwe na aromatic core. Nikel organique irashobora kandi gukoreshwa nkimashini ya ultraviolet, ariko muri rusange ishyirwa mubikorwa nka kizimyamwoto (kizwi kandi nka deactivator cyangwa matting agent, cyangwa icyuma cya leta cya laser, kizimya ingufu), kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gukurura imirasire ya ultraviolet kiri hejuru yicy'umuriro. Ihuza ni rito, ariko rirashobora gukumira gutandukana guterwa no kwinjiza imirasire ya ultraviolet na polymer. Uruganda rwa nikel ni molekile zishimishwa na reta zishimishije binyuze mu mikoranire na polymers mugihe cyumucyo wa ultraviolet, kugarura leta yishimye mukubutaka no guhindura ingufu za ultraviolet mukirere - imyuka y’ikirere itangiza ibyangiritse. , bityo kurinda polymer kwangirika. Byitwa rero kuzimya kuko uburyo bwibikorwa bitandukanye nubwa rusange muri UV. Imashini ya UV ihindura imiterere ya molekile ubwayo, mugihe izimya ikwirakwiza ingufu binyuze mu guhererekanya ingufu hagati ya molekile. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho birinda urumuri Carbone umukara, dioxyde ya titanium, okiside ya zinc, zinc barium, nibindi nabyo ni ibintu bishobora gukurura cyangwa kwerekana imirasire ya ultraviolet. Inzitizi yashyizweho hagati ya polymer nisoko yumucyo kugirango ikure cyangwa igaragaze imirasire ya ultraviolet mbere yuko igera kuri polymer. Iyo yinjiye kandi ikagaragazwa, ibuza imirasire ya ultraviolet kwinjira cyane muri polymer. Ikintu cyiza cyane ni karubone umukara. Ubusa radical scavengers nayo ni ubwoko bwibintu bishobora kubyara amafoto. Nibikomoka kuri piperidine bifite ingaruka zidasanzwe kandi byitwa inzitizi ya amine Photostabilizers.
